A Technique for High-Frequency Division
نویسنده
چکیده
The task of frequency division entails serious challenges at speeds greater than a few tens of gigahertz as flip-flop-based topologies fail and narrowband alternatives emerge as the only viable solution. These alternatives include the Miller regenerative topology and injection-locked oscillators, both of which suffer from a narrow lock range at very high frequencies. For example, the injection-locked divider in [1] achieves a lock range of about 1.5% if no external tuning is applied. Furthermore, these topologies do not readily lend themselves to divide ratios greater than 2 [2].
منابع مشابه
An Efficient Scheme for PAPR Reduction of OFDM based on Selected Mapping without Side Information
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has become a promising method for many wireless communication applications. However, one main drawback of OFDM systems is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Selected mapping (SLM) is a well-known technique to decrease the problem of high PAPR in OFDM systems. In this method, transmitter is obliged to send some bits named side informati...
متن کاملScanning hall probe microscopy technique for investigation of magnetic properties
Scanning Hall Probe Microscopy (SHPM) is a scanning probe microscopy technique developed to observe and image magnetic fields locally. This method is based on application of the Hall Effect, supplied by a micro hall probe attached to the end of cantilever as a sensor. SHPM provides direct quantitative information on the magnetic state of a material and can also image magnetic induction under a...
متن کاملScanning hall probe microscopy technique for investigation of magnetic properties
Scanning Hall Probe Microscopy (SHPM) is a scanning probe microscopy technique developed to observe and image magnetic fields locally. This method is based on application of the Hall Effect, supplied by a micro hall probe attached to the end of cantilever as a sensor. SHPM provides direct quantitative information on the magnetic state of a material and can also image magnetic induction under a...
متن کاملCytokinesis blocked micronucleus (CB-MN) assay for biodosimetry of high dose accidental exposure
Background: Most of the cytogenetic dosimetry, except Premature Chromosome Condensation assay, saturates at 6 Gy. Present studies are aimed to assess feasibility of simple CB-MN assay for prescreening of high dose accidental exposures. Materials and Methods: Human peripheral blood lymphocytes from two donors were gamma irradiated to different doses ranging from 0-15Gy, cultured for 72 h. Cytoch...
متن کاملThe Significance Application of Indigenous Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) Mitogen on Metaphase and Cell Culture Procedure
Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) is a lectin, obtained from the red kidney bean that binds to the membranes of T-cells and stimulates metabolic activity, cell division, etc. The object of this research was the comparison between self made PHA (Indigenous) and imported commercial one, following conventional and High Resolution Cell Synchronization technique (HRCS) .From each blood sample of healthy indi...
متن کاملApplication of Homotopy Perturbation Method to One-dimensional Transient Single-phase EM Heating Model
Thermal recovery involves well-known processes such as steam injection (cyclic steam stimulation, steam drive, and steam-assisted gravity drainage), in situ combustion, and a more recent technique that consists of heating the reservoir with electrical energy. When high frequency is used for heating, it is called electromagnetic (EM) heating. The applications of EM heating for heavy-oil reservoi...
متن کامل